Types of cases: Landmark cases
Transcript:
Hello! Today we look at landmark cases in the common law system.
Case law is also known as judge-made law or precedent and it refers to the body of law established through the decisions made by judges in individual cases. Sometimes we use special names to define certain types of cases and one such an example is “landmark case”.
What is a landmark (punto di riferimento)? The most famous landmark in Paris is the Eiffel Tower, while in London it is Big Ben and in Rome it is the Colosseum. Landmarks change the scenario. They make us see the world differently and from a different perspective. So, when society changes, new technology comes in, or people start seeing laws differently, landmark cases are created. They help us to see legal issues in a completely different and new way.
Landmark case often establish new legal principles, interpret existing laws in a groundbreaking (innovativo) way, or address new never-before-seen (mai viste prima) legal issues. Landmark cases often set precedents that influence future judicial decisions and shape (modellano) the direction of legal practice and interpretation.
For example, the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] is considered a landmark case in the development of the law of negligence, as it established the principle of duty of care (dovere di diligenza) owed (dovuto) by manufacturers (produttori) to consumers. Until that case, no law or case had ever suggested that a manufacturer owed a duty of care to a customer. This helped us to see our legal duties in a totally different way and changed the legal scenario.
Another common law landmark case is Mabo v Queensland (No 2) [1992]. It is highly significant in the development of common law principles related to indigenous land rights. This landmark Australian case challenged the legal concept of terra nullius – the idea that Australia was uninhabited (disabitata) before European settlement (insediamento) – and recognised native title rights for Indigenous Australians. Its influence on legal thinking regarding indigenous rights and land ownership has been profound and is often cited (citata) in discussions of human rights and property law worldwide (in tutto il mondo).
Thank you very much, and see you next time for more Peter’s Pills to improve your legal English.
Read 15 important US landmark cases here: “APGOPO: Landmark Cases“.
Legal English – Sommario delle Lezioni
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 71 – Types of cases: Landmark cases
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 70 – Specific performance
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 69 – Wills
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 68 – Notice
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 67 – Bonds vs Debentures
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 66 – Person Persons People
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 65 – Financial Reporting Words
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 64 – Representations and Warranties
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 63 – Machine translations
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 62 – Legal Timelines
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 61 – Liens
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 60 – Test your Legal English
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 59 – Appurtenent vs In gross
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 58 – Building societies and Banks
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 57 – Valid, void and voidable contracts
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 56 – Rescission
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 55 – Golden expressions
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 54 – Pre-emption right vs Right of first refusal
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 53 – What do we mean by “agent” of a company?
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 52 – Voting at a meeting
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 51 – Contracts vs Deeds
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 50 – Executive and Non-Executive Directors
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 49 – Transfer of shares vs transmission of shares
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 48 – They, them, their for singular nouns
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 47 – Jointly and severally
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 46 – Invoice words
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 45 – Quotation
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 44 – Gazumping and Gazundering
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 43 – English words that the English do not understand
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 42 – Easement vs Profit à prendre
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 41 – er, -or and -ee names
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 40 – The Objects Clause
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 39 – When is Latin hot, and when is it not?
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 38 – Default
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 37 – Company Agent
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 36 – Injunction (false freind)
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 35 – Mortgage
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 34 – Freehold, Leasehold and Commonhold estates
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 33 – Transferor, Transferee and Transmittee
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 32 – Tax evasion, tax mitigation and tax avoidance
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 31 – Numbers
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 30 – Ordinary resolutions vs special resolutions
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 29 – AGM vs EGM
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 28 – A going concern
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 27 – Collocations: Violate, breach, break, disobey and infringe
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 26 – Company meeting words
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 25 – Mortgagor vs Mortgagee
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 24 – Fixed charges vs Floating charges
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 23 – Doctrine
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 22 – Construe
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 21 – Sign vs Execute
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 20 – The closing statement
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 19 – Writing Business Emails
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 18 – Limited companies
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 17 – Annual Accounts
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 16 – Meetings
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 15 – Attorney-at-law vs Attorney-in-fact
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 14 – Here and there compounds
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 13 – Subject Matter
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 12 – The clear days rule
Legal English – Peter’s Pills – Lesson 11 – Shareholder, Member or Holder of shares?
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 10 – Competition Law
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 9 – Lasting Power of Attorney
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 8 – Guardianship
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 7 – Damage vs Damages
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 6 – Legal Doublets
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 5 – Escrow
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 4 – Memorandum of Association vs Articles of Association
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 3 – Sign legibly
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 2 – Deed poll
Legal English: Peter’s Pills – Lesson 1 – Party, counterparty and counterpart
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